Introduction

Chronic splendor otitis media (CSOM) in India is a frequent inflammation of the middle ear and the mastoid cavity, characterized by the recurrent ear discharge (otoria) through a perforated timenic membrane. This is a common condition, especially in developing countries like India, and is associated with significant illness including hearing loss and potential complications.

Causes of CSOM in India

CSOM is usually produced:

• Repeated middle ear infections that do not completely resolve.
• Bad treatment or untreated acute otitis media.
• Eustachian tube’s dysfunction, leading to improper drainage.
• Upper respiratory tract infections that spread in the middle ear.
• Allergic conditions that contribute to chronic inflammation.
• In exposure to unhealthy water sources, which can introduce bacteria.
• Bad healthcare, treatment delayed in rural India.

Risk Factors

• Poor hygiene and hygiene
• Constant upper respiratory infection
• Crowd
• Bottle-feeding in infants
• Immunodeficiency disorder
• Lack of awareness about ear infection in rural India

Symptoms of CSOM

The primary symptoms of CSOM include:

• Constant ear discharge (pus-like, foul-smelling, or mukapurulant)
• Hearing loss (conductive or mixed hearing loss)
• Ear pain (sometimes present, especially during secondary infection)
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
• Issues of dizziness or balance (in serious cases)

Diagnosis of CSOM in India

• Clinical History and Symptoms Evaluation
• Otoscopy or microscopic ear examination to detect holes and inflammation
• Audiometry to assess hearing loss
• Culture and sensitivity test of ear discharge to identify inappropriate pathogens
• Cut scan of cosmic bone (in complex cases) to check deep infection or bone erosion

Treatment of CSOM in India

The purpose of treatment is to control infection, restore hearing and prevent complications.

1. medical treatment
• Topical antibiotics for treating bacterial infections (ear drops such as siprofloxacin or toxacin)
• Oral antibiotics (for frequent infections)

• Using suction or dry moping to remove ear cleaning (Aura toilet) discharge • Corticosteroid drop to reduce inflammation

2. surgical treatmentSurgery may be necessary in cases of frequent infection or complications:
   • Myringoplasty (Surgical repair of earright)

• Tymponoplasty (middle ear reconstruction)
• Mastoidctomy (Removal of infected mastoid cells in severe cases)

Complications of CSOM in India

If left untreated, CSOM can give rise to serious complications, including:
• Hearing loss (temporary or permanent)
• Mastoiditis (mastoid bone infection)
• Brain boils and meningitis (rare but life-threatening)
• Facial nerve paralysis
• Increased risk in rural areas due to lack of health care

CSOM prevention in India

• Timely treatment of ear infection
• Maintaining good ear hygiene
• Avoiding water entering ears
• Regular medical checkup for risky persons
• Increase awareness in rural communities about ear healthconclusion Chronic supplementary otitis media in India is a preventive and treatable condition when effectively managed. Early diagnosis, appropriate therapy or surgical intervention, and preventive measures play an important role in reducing its effects. If symptoms remain, taking medical advice can immediately prevent serious complications, especially in deprived areas where the use of healthcare is limited.